A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS: ADVANCEMENTS, EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION, AND COMMERCIALIZATION POTENTIAL FOR NEXT-GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAICS

Abstract

This systematic literature review investigates the recent advancements, efficiency optimization strategies, and commercialization potential of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with an emphasis on the integration of scalable fabrication, environmental sustainability, and techno-economic viability. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 609 peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2022 were critically analyzed across multiple scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect. The review synthesizes thematic insights from compositional engineering, device architecture optimization, long-term stability enhancement, and environmental impact assessments. Findings reveal that mixed-cation and mixed-halide perovskite formulations have significantly improved power conversion efficiency and operational durability, with planar and inverted device architectures emerging as dominant configurations due to their scalability and reduced hysteresis. Encapsulation and interface passivation techniques have notably extended T80 lifetimes, while scalable manufacturing methods such as slot-die coating and hybrid vapor-phase deposition have been validated for large-area module production. Techno-economic analyses indicate that PSCs offer competitive cost-per-watt and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) values relative to silicon-based photovoltaics, supported by shorter energy payback times and lower embodied energy. However, the review also highlights critical research gaps, including inconsistent long-term stability testing protocols, limited outdoor performance data, and inadequate degradation modeling frameworks. Lifecycle assessment studies confirm the environmental promise of PSCs, though concerns about lead toxicity and end-of-life recyclability persist. Industrial partnerships, technology readiness level (TRL) assessments, and early-stage commercialization efforts suggest growing confidence in PSC deployment, though standardization and regulatory alignment remain uneven. This review provides a consolidated, multi-dimensional understanding of the perovskite photovoltaic landscape and offers direction for future research, policy formulation, and sustainable market integration.